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    Pre-implantation Genetic Testing

    Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidies (PGT-A), formerly known as Preimplantation Genetic Screening (PGS), is a diagnostic procedure used alongside In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) to evaluate embryos for chromosomal abnormalities before implantation.

    Purpose

    The main goal of PGT-A is to identify embryos with the correct number of chromosomes (euploid embryos) and increase the chances of a successful pregnancy by transferring these embryos into the uterus.

    Procedure

    IVF Process: Eggs are retrieved from the ovaries and fertilized with sperm in a laboratory to create embryos.
    Embryo Biopsy: On the fifth or sixth day of embryo development (blastocyst stage), a few cells are carefully removed from each embryo.
    Genetic Analysis: The biopsied cells are analyzed to determine the number of chromosomes. This helps identify if an embryo has a normal (euploid) or abnormal (aneuploid) number of chromosomes.
    Embryo Transfer: Based on the PGT-A results, euploid embryos (those with the correct number of chromosomes) are prioritized for transfer to the uterus in the hope of achieving a successful pregnancy.

    Clinical Implications

    Increased IVF Success Rates: By selecting chromosomally normal embryos, PGT-A can increase the likelihood of implantation and reduce the risk of miscarriage.
    Reduction in Miscarriages: Many miscarriages are due to chromosomal abnormalities. By selecting euploid embryos, the risk of miscarriage associated with chromosomal abnormalities is reduced.
    Decreased Risk of Chromosomal Disorders: PGT-A can significantly reduce the risk of having a child with a chromosomal disorder, such as Down syndrome.

    Considerations

    Not a Guarantee: While PGT-A improves the odds of successful pregnancy, it doesn't guarantee a baby. Other factors, like maternal age and uterine health, also play roles.
    Cost: PGT-A adds to the overall cost of IVF.
    Ethical Concerns: Some individuals and groups have ethical concerns regarding the selection and potential discarding of embryos based on genetic testing.

    Who Might Benefit from PGT-A?

    Older Women: The risk of chromosomal abnormalities increases with maternal age.
    Recurrent Miscarriages: Couples who've experienced multiple miscarriages might benefit from screening embryos.
    Repeated IVF Failures: PGT-A might help couples who've undergone multiple unsuccessful IVF cycles.
    Family History: Those with a family history of chromosomal disorders.

    Conclusion

    PGT-A provides a powerful tool to enhance the success rates of IVF treatments by ensuring the transfer of chromosomally normal embryos. However, it’s essential to approach the decision to undergo PGT-A with full knowledge of its benefits, limitations, and potential ethical considerations. Consulting with a fertility specialist and genetic counselor can provide valuable guidance.

    Onco-Genomics is the first in-house DNA & oncological testing Centre in West Africa. We specialize in advanced genetic testing across various life stages, ensuring your family’s health and well-being are always at the forefront.

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